Web Fundamentals
Networking and browser basics that explain how the modern web works from DNS to HTTP and TLS.
Explore subtopics:
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Authentication vs Authorization: What's the Difference?
Series: API and Backend Basics Series
Learn authentication vs authorization with clear API examples, 401 vs 403, sessions, JWTs, and role checks in modern backends.
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What Is JSON? Why It's Used in APIs
Series: API and Backend Basics Series
Learn what JSON is, how its syntax works, and why APIs use it for fast, language-independent data exchange.
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HTTP Status Codes Explained (200, 404, 500 and More)
Series: API and Backend Basics Series
Learn HTTP status codes with real API examples of 200, 201, 301, 304, 400, 401, 403, 404, 429, 500, and 503.
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HTTP Methods Explained: GET vs POST vs PUT vs DELETE
Series: API and Backend Basics Series
Learn HTTP methods with real examples of GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE, plus safety, idempotency, caching, and API design rules.
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What Is REST API? Beginner's Guide with Examples
Series: API and Backend Basics Series
Understand what a REST API is, how resources, methods, status codes, and stateless requests work, with practical backend examples.
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How APIs Work: A Simple Guide for Beginners
Series: Internet and Web Foundations Series
Learn how APIs work end to end: requests, responses, authentication, status codes, versioning, and practical backend patterns for beginners.
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Monolith vs Microservices: Pros, Cons, and When to Choose
Series: Internet and Web Foundations Series
Understand monolith vs microservices architecture. Learn pros, cons, real-world examples from Netflix and Amazon, and when to use each approach.
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Application Server vs Web Server: Key Differences Explained
Series: Internet and Web Foundations Series
Understand application server vs web server with clear architecture patterns, Java and .NET examples, and when to use each in production.
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What Is a Web Server? How Nginx and Apache Work
Series: Internet and Web Foundations Series
Learn what a web server is and how Nginx and Apache handle HTTP requests, static files, reverse proxying, and production traffic.
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What Is Client-Server Architecture? Beginner Guide
Series: Internet and Web Foundations Series
Learn client-server architecture with clear request-response flow, tiers, scaling patterns, and practical backend design examples for beginners.